ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid hormone dysfunction are two common endocrinopathies seen in adult population. Insulin and thyroid hormones are intimately involved in cellular metabolism, so excess or deficit of any of them can derange the function of another. To see the prevalence of hypothyroidism in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Atotal of 235 patients with diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of either sex, aged >20 years were included in the study. Analysis of serum TSH by ELISAwas done in all patients of the study. Atotal of 235(107 males and 128 females) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients were included in the study. Hypothyroidism was seen in 48(20.4%) patients. Hyperthyroidism was seen in 17(7.2%) patients. Euthyroid patients were 170(72.3%). Out of 128 females 27(11.4%) had hypothyroidism whereas out of 107 males 21(8.9%) had hypothyroidism. We conclude that prevalence of hypothyroidism was 20.4% and seen more in female Type 2 Diabetic patients as compared with male patients
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by chronic polyarticular synovial inflammation and progressive erosion of cartilage and bone. The disease occurs at any age, but is common among those aged between 40-70 years. RA has a worldwide distribution with prevalence of 1 to 2%. Pathogenesis of RA remains a mystery for past 40 years. Genetic studies established that people who carry specific MHC haplotypes show a higher risk for RA. Cytokines have also been implicated as important mediators of disease. Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in RA tissue revealed that TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and IL-8 are abundant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) influences the inflammatory molecules. Antioxidants (exogenous or endogenous) are the compounds which prevent the generation of toxic oxidants. Treatment choice of the physician for RA is Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Herbal medicine is one of the oldest and traditional medicine systems around the world. Herbal products may contain a single herb or combinations of different herbs believed to have complementary effects. These contain potent bioactive substances.
ABSTRACT
Creatine kinase (CK) is a key enzyme of energy metabolism, especially in muscle tissue. CK has two polypeptide chains of M and B, and three isomers, CK-BB, CK-MB and CK- MM. In some conditions like acute myocardial infarction and Neuromuscular disorders, increased CK activity is used as a part of diagnosis. CK can also be elevated in absence of neuromuscular diseases or cardiac injury, such as strenuous exercise, intramuscular injections etc.Several reports indicate elevated activity of serum CK in the maternal blood during child birth.
ABSTRACT
The hypolipidemic activity of Cassia tora (Chakvat, Chakunda) (Family: Caesalpiniaceae) seeds extract has been studied in two hyperlipidemic models of rat. These are triton injected and cholesterol rich HFD fed model of hyperlipidemia. In triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemia, feeding with root extract (500 mg/ kg body wt/ day p.o. ) exerted lipid lowering effect as assessed by reversal of plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL), triglyceride (TG) and reactivation of Post Heparin Lipolytic Activity (PHLA) of plasma. The other model was fed with cholesterol rich HFD and seeds extract of Cassia tora (500 mg/ kg body wt/ day p.o.) simultaneously for 30 days. This also caused lowering of lipid levels in plasma and liver homogenate and reactivation of plasma post heparin lipolytic activity, hepatic total lipoprotein lipase activity. The hypolipidemic activity of Cassia tora seeds was compared with a standard drug guggulipid (200 mg/ kg body wt/ day p.o.), a known lipid lowering drug in both models.